Covalent Compounds are chemical compounds that are made up of when a non-metal element changes it's normal ion state as a anion (-) to a cation (+) ion and the other element has at least one anion (-) the non-metal ion. They have a sharing relationship that can be both equal (Non-Polar Covalent) or an unequal sharing relationship (Polar Covalent) between the valence shells of the combining atoms.  Covalent Compounds characteristics include: they be solid, liquid or gas, have a low melting and boiling point, are "soluble" in non-polar liquids but are "non-soluble" in a water solution and either do not or are poor conductors of electricity.

Examples of Covalent Compounds

Sulfur dioxide SO₂

Phosphorous triodide PI₃

Carbon tetrafluoride CF₄

Dichlorine monoxide Cl₂O

Dihydrogen monoxide H₂O